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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner CNSP Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q55-Q60):

55. Frage
According to the screenshot below, which of the following statements are correct?

A. The credentials have been submitted over the HTTPS protocol.
B. The application is running on port 443 and the HTTPS protocol.
C. The application is running on port 80 and the HTTP protocol.
D. The credentials have been submitted over the HTTP protocol.

Antwort: B

Begründung:
The screenshot is from Wireshark, a network protocol analyzer, displaying captured network traffic. The relevant columns include the source and destination IP addresses, ports, protocol, and additional information about the packets. Let's break down the details:
Destination Port Analysis: The screenshot shows multiple packets with a destination port of 443 (e.g., in the "Destination" column, entries like "172.72.61.9:443"). Port 443 is the default port for HTTPS (HTTP Secure), which is HTTP traffic encrypted using SSL/TLS. This indicates that the application is communicating over HTTPS.
Protocol Analysis: The "Protocol" column lists "TLSv1.2" for most packets (e.g., frame numbers 2000084, 2000086). TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the cryptographic protocol used by HTTPS to secure HTTP communications. This confirms that the traffic is HTTPS, not plain HTTP.
Packet Details: The "Info" column provides additional context, such as "Application Data" for TLS packets, indicating encrypted application-layer data (typical of HTTPS). There are also HTTP packets (e.g., frame 2000088), but these are likely part of the HTTPS session (e.g., HTTP/2 over TLS, as noted by "HTTP2").
Now, let's evaluate the options:
Option A: "The application is running on port 443 and the HTTPS protocol." This is correct. The destination port 443 and the use of TLSv1.2 confirm that the application is using HTTPS. HTTPS is the standard protocol for secure web communication, and port 443 is its designated port. CNSP documentation emphasizes that HTTPS traffic on port 443 indicates a secure application-layer protocol, often used for web applications handling sensitive data.
Option B: "The credentials have been submitted over the HTTP protocol." This is incorrect. HTTP typically uses port 80, but the screenshot shows traffic on port 443 with TLS, indicating HTTPS. Credentials submitted over this connection would be encrypted via HTTPS, not sent in plaintext over HTTP. CNSP highlights the security risks of HTTP for credential submission due to lack of encryption, which isn't the case here.
Option C: "The credentials have been submitted over the HTTPS protocol." While this statement could be true (since HTTPS is in use, any credentials would likely be submitted securely), the question asks for the "correct" statement based on the screenshot. The screenshot doesn't explicitly show credential submission (e.g., a POST request with form data); it only shows the protocol and port. Option A is more directly supported by the screenshot as it focuses on the application's protocol and port, not the specific action of credential submission. CNSP notes that HTTPS ensures confidentiality, but this option requires more specific evidence of credentials.
Option D: "The application is running on port 80 and the HTTP protocol." This is incorrect. Port 80 is the default for HTTP, but the screenshot clearly shows port 443 and TLS, indicating HTTPS. CNSP documentation contrasts HTTP (port 80, unencrypted) with HTTPS (port 443, encrypted), making this option invalid.
Conclusion: Option A is the most accurate and comprehensive statement directly supported by the screenshot, confirming the application's use of port 443 and HTTPS. While Option C might be true in a broader context, it's less definitive without explicit evidence of credential submission in the captured packets.

56. Frage
If you find the 111/TCP port open on a Unix system, what is the next logical step to take?

A. None of the above.
B. Telnet to the port, send "GET / HTTP/1.0" and gather information from the response.
C. Run "rpcinfo -p <hostname>" to enumerate the RPC services.
D. Telnet to the port to look for a banner.

Antwort: C

Begründung:
Port 111/TCP is the default port for the RPC (Remote Procedure Call) portmapper service on Unix systems, which registers and manages RPC services.
Why A is correct: Running rpcinfo -p <hostname> queries the portmapper to list all registered RPC services, their programs, versions, and associated ports. This is a logical next step during a security audit or penetration test to identify potential vulnerabilities (e.g., NFS or NIS services). CNSP recommends this command for RPC enumeration.
Why other options are incorrect:
B . Telnet to the port to look for a banner: Telnet might connect, but RPC services don't typically provide a human-readable banner, making this less effective than rpcinfo.
C . Telnet to the port, send "GET / HTTP/1.0" and gather information from the response: Port 111 is not an HTTP service, so an HTTP request is irrelevant and will likely fail.
D . None of the above: Incorrect, as A is a valid and recommended step.

57. Frage
What types of attacks are phishing, spear phishing, vishing, scareware, and watering hole?

A. Insider threats
B. Probes
C. Social engineering
D. Ransomware

Antwort: C

Begründung:
Social engineering exploits human psychology to manipulate individuals into divulging sensitive information, granting access, or performing actions that compromise security. Unlike technical exploits, it targets the "human factor," often bypassing technical defenses. The listed attacks fit this category:
Phishing: Mass, untargeted emails (e.g., fake bank alerts) trick users into entering credentials on spoofed sites. Uses tactics like urgency or trust (e.g., typosquatting domains).
Spear Phishing: Targeted phishing against specific individuals/organizations (e.g., CEO fraud), leveraging reconnaissance (e.g., LinkedIn data) for credibility.
Vishing (Voice Phishing): Phone-based attacks (e.g., fake tech support calls) extract info via verbal manipulation. Often spoofs caller ID.
Scareware: Fake alerts (e.g., "Your PC is infected!" pop-ups) scare users into installing malware or paying for bogus fixes. Exploits fear and urgency.
Watering Hole: Compromises trusted websites frequented by a target group (e.g., industry forums), infecting visitors via drive-by downloads. Relies on habitual trust.
Technical Details:
Delivery: Email (phishing), VoIP (vishing), web (watering hole/scareware).
Payloads: Credential theft, malware (e.g., trojans), or financial fraud.
Mitigation: User training, email filters (e.g., DMARC), endpoint protection.
Security Implications: Social engineering accounts for ~90% of breaches (e.g., Verizon DBIR 2023), as it exploits unpatchable human error. CNSP likely emphasizes awareness (e.g., phishing simulations) and layered defenses (e.g., MFA).
Why other options are incorrect:
A . Probes: Reconnaissance techniques (e.g., port scanning) to identify vulnerabilities, not manipulation-based like these attacks.
B . Insider threats: Malicious actions by authorized users (e.g., data theft by employees), not external human-targeting tactics.
D . Ransomware: A malware type (e.g., WannaCry) that encrypts data for ransom, not a manipulation method-though phishing often delivers it.
Real-World Context: The 2016 DNC hack used spear phishing to steal credentials, showing social engineering's potency.

58. Frage
What is the response from a closed TCP port which is not behind a firewall?

A. A RST and an ACK packet
B. A FIN and an ACK packet
C. ICMP message showing Port Unreachable
D. A SYN and an ACK packet

Antwort: A

Begründung:
TCP uses a structured handshake, and its response to a connection attempt on a closed port follows a specific protocol when unobstructed by a firewall.
Why C is correct: A closed TCP port responds with a RST (Reset) and ACK (Acknowledgment) packet to terminate the connection attempt immediately. CNSP highlights this as a key scanning indicator.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: ICMP Port Unreachable is for UDP, not TCP.
B: FIN/ACK is for closing active connections, not rejecting new ones.
D: SYN/ACK indicates an open port during the TCP handshake.

59. Frage
Which of the following files has the SUID permission set?
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:00 myfile
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 4896 Jan 1 08:00 myprogram
-rw-r--r-s 1 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:00 anotherfile

A. myfile
B. myprogram
C. anotherfile
D. All of the above

Antwort: B

Begründung:
In Linux/Unix, file permissions are displayed in a 10-character string (e.g., -rwxr-xr-x), where the first character is the file type (- for regular files) and the next nine are permissions for user (owner), group, and others (rwx = read, write, execute). Special bits like SUID (Set User ID) modify execution behavior:
SUID: When set, a program runs with the owner's permissions (e.g., root) rather than the executor's. It's denoted by an s in the user execute position (replacing x if executable, or capitalized S if not).
Analysis:
-rwxr-sr-x (myfile): User: rwx, Group: r-s (SGID), Others: r-x. The s is in the group execute position, indicating SGID, not SUID.
-rwsr-xr-x (myprogram): User: rws (SUID), Group: r-x, Others: r-x. The s in the user execute position confirms SUID; owned by root, it runs as root.
-rw-r--r-s (anotherfile): User: rw-, Group: r--, Others: r-s. The s is in the others execute position, but no x exists, making it irrelevant (and not SUID). Typically, s here would be a sticky bit on directories, not files.
Security Implications: SUID binaries (e.g., /usr/bin/passwd) are common targets for privilege escalation if misconfigured (e.g., writable by non-root users). CNSP likely emphasizes auditing SUID permissions with find / -perm -u=s.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . myfile: Has SGID (s in group), not SUID.
C . anotherfile: The s doesn't indicate SUID; it's a misapplied bit without execute permission.
D . All of the above: Only myprogram has SUID.
Real-World Context: Exploiting SUID binaries is a classic Linux attack vector (e.g., CVE-2016-1247 for Nginx).

60. Frage
......

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